The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.